semenax vigrx

In the man’s body, the pituitary gland in the brain sends a hormone, called follicle-stimulating hormone, (FSH) to the testicles, which are the male sex glands. FSH signals the testicles to produce sperm, which are the male reproductive cells. Sperm are so small they can only be seen through a microscope. Each tiny sperm has a tale that allows it to move. After sperm are produced in the testicles, they travel through a tube called the vas deferens to the seminal vesicle, which holds the mature sperm. A gland called the prostate makes seminal fluid, which is the fluid that will transport the sperm in the urethra. The urethra is a tube that extends from the bladder, through the prostate, then through the penis to the outside of the man’s body. During sexual activity, the prostate gland becomes as full of fluid as it can comfortably hold, and it contracts (squeezes). As the prostate contracts, it draws sperm from the seminal vesicle. Seminal fluid mixed with sperm is called semen. The contractions of the prostate gland force the semen through the urethra and out the tip of the penis. This is called ejaculation. The ejaculate (semen) is a teaspoon to a tablespoon of thick milky liquid and contains millions of microscopic sperm. During sexual activity, but before ejaculation, the penis becomes engorged with blood. This causes the penis to become firm and erect, and is called the male erection. The male erection allows the penis to pass into the vagina of the woman. When a man has an erection a valve closes between the prostate gland and the bladder to prevent urine from being released when semen is ejaculated. Practically speaking, this means that a man cannot urinate and ejaculate at the same time. To begin the reproductive cycle in a woman’s body, a hormone, called follicle-stimulating hormone, (FSH) is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. FSH travels through the bloodstream to the ovaries, causing a few of the many tiny follicles there to begin ripening, or maturing. Each follicle is a tiny ring of cells with a tiny ovum, or egg, inside. As the follicles ripen, they produce another hormone, called estrogen. Estrogen causes the cervix, the opening of the uterus, to begin making moisture and mucus. This is when a woman notices wetness or mucus outside the vagina. This mucus is not a sign of disease. It is a natural part of the cycle and indicates that the ova are maturing in the ovaries. If intercourse occurs at this time, the mucus will protect the sperm from the acidity of the vagina, assuring that the sperm will still be alive at ovulation. Estrogen also causes the endometrium, the lining of the uterus, to grow soft and spongy, forming a kind of bed that can, in the event of pregnancy, hold and nourish a baby. Finally, estrogen signals the pituitary gland in the brain that some follicles have matured in the ovaries. When the pituitary gland receives the message that some follicles have matured, it produces another hormone, leutenizing hormone, or LH. LH causes one of the ripening follicles to release its ovum into a fallopian tube. This is called ovulation. Once ejaculation has deposited the sperm in the women’s vagina, they swim up the vagina to the uterus. They do not know which fallopian tube may contain the ovum, and so they swim both ways. When a sperm penetrates the ovum, it is called fertilization. Dividing and maturing as it goes, the fertilized ovum is moved slowly along the fallopian tube toward the uterus by the cilia, tiny hairs inside the fallopian tubes. In six or seven days, the fertilized ovum implants in the endometrium (the lining of the uterus), which is the bed that has been created to receive it. Menstruation does not occur, because the fertilized ovum, growing and developing in the uterus, creates hormones that maintain the uterine lining. The woman realizes she has conceived penis enlagement before and after picture pennis enlargement video penile enlargment surgery pennis enlargement photo pnis enlargement before and after penile enlargment surgery cost enlargement free pnis pills sample permanent penis enlarement

semenax vigrx

The most exciting event in Slovenia last week was when a group of young army recruits spat on the national flag and sang the anthem of the now defunct former Yugoslavia. They were sent to a military psychiatrist for observation. Indeed, economically speaking, a preference for any other part of the late Federation over Slovenia would indicate mental deformity. Slovenia is by far the most prosperous and pacific of the lot. Income per capita increased by 7% between 1995-2000 and reached 75% of the EU's average. Yugoslavia and Macedonia would require half a century to reach this level at current growth rates. Slovenia's public debt is negligible (c. 26% of GDP), its unemployment rate is almost American (less than 7%), its budget deficit a mere 1.4% of GDP. Slovenia's gross national savings is almost a quarter of its GDP - as is its gross domestic investment (28%). It is a respected member of both the World Bank and the IMF. The former has disbursed c. $250 million for purposes such as structural reforms and environmental cleanups. The latter praises its monetary targeting, the managed float of its tolar, and the lack of major (budget and current account) imbalances. This, despite erratic monetary management by the Bank of Slovenia, which, together with the introduction of VAT, the oil price shock, and a totally CPI-indexed financial environment, led to escalating inflation (c. 9% annually, up from 6%). Thus, should Slovenian officials fail in their efforts to secure agricultural and regional development concessions from their counterparts in Brussels, Slovenia runs the risk of becoming a net creditor of the EU. Slovenia, contrary to most other current members, is openly unhappy with the "Big Bang" enlargement of the Union. It has successfully concluded 22 out 29 chapters to be agreed with the EU prior to accession and it is afraid of being held back by an unrealistic, politically motivated, process of enlargement which will stress the EU's deficient institutions to their breaking point. Slovenia is small. It is the size of pre-1967 Israel or New Jersey. With less than 2 million citizens (88% of which are ethnic Slovene), its population grows by a paltry 0.14% p.a. Still, had it not constituted the northern boundary of a war prone and unstable region, Slovenia might have attracted more FDI (it has one of the lowest rates among the candidate countries), bordering as it does and integrated as it is with the (relatively) large and disinflated economies of Italy, Hungary, and Austria. Many Slovenes actually live in Jorg Haider's part of Austria (Carinthia). Italians owned property (confiscated by the communists) in Slovenia before the Second World War (the source of a simmering grudge in Italy). Italians, Austrians, and Germans invest in Slovenian banks, insurance companies, and industry. Together with Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic (among others), it is a member of the now reawakened CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement). Only 4% of Slovenia's GDP derives from agriculture (vs. 61% from services). Still, Slovenia, to its great ire, is often associated with the Balkan. But the bad neighborhood is not the only obstacle. Slovenia's privatization was as crony-infested as elsewhere in the Eastern Bloc and its legislation still incorporates investment-deterring anachronisms (restricted land and media ownership, an over-regulated labour market, lack of corporate governance). Capital account liberalization was implemented only recently. Close to half of the economy (including a chunk of the favoritism-ridden and inefficient banking system) is in the hands of the state. The private sector, though, is thriving. Growth rates (4% this year) are double the European average and GDP per capita is almost equal to Greece's or Portugal's. Slovenia's international trade amounts to 60% of its GDP. Two thirds of it is with the EU (half of this with Germany and Austria, the former colonial mater). Its trade with Russia, the USA (3% of the total each), and even with other republics of the disintegrated Yugoslavia is marginal. It still purchases raw materials from Macedonia and Yugoslavia - and sells back to them the finished products (as it used to do in former Yugoslavia). But this does not amount to much. The decoupling is intentional - Slovenia considers itself an integral part of Western Europe. All it inherited from Communism, it feels, was polluted rivers and coastal water, acid rain, and depleted forests. Still, such exposure to the EU makes Slovenia susceptible to the Union's business cycles. Shortsightedly perhaps, it does not have a trade representation or an economic attaché in the USA. Of all its erstwhile confederates, Slovenia maintains tenuous political contacts only with Croatia. It just resolved a long standing dispute with Croatia regarding the Krsko nuclear power plant. Both countries agreed to continue discussions regarding the final demarcation of the hotly disputed (in Slovenia) border between the two countries as a prelude to the introduction of the Schengen agreement. Overtures are made to post-Milosevic Yugoslavia. Slovene legislation is eagerly copied by Macedonia. Gradually, albeit reluctantly, Slovenia comes to be regarded as a role model by its southern neighbors who strive to emulate its success. truth about penis enlarement vimax penis enlargement procedure penis enlarement surgery photo elargement manhattan penis surgeon top penile enlargment pills penile enlargement vimax penis enlargement doctor enlagement free penis pills sample semenax vigrx

Acne is a well-known and extremely common skin disease that affects millions around the world. Although this disorder generally begins during the teenage years, it can persist or even start in adulthood. Symptoms of acne depend on the general type, of which there are two. Non-inflammatory acne is apparent only close to the skin where blackheads and whiteheads can be seen. Inflammatory acne, on the other hand, is characterized by red pimples and pustules, and sometimes even inflamed cysts and nodules. When the skin starts to change, get red, and show bumps, the immediate perception is that this is acne. When acne treatment fails, however, it sometimes turns out that the skin change was due to another, less understood skin condition called rosacea. Rosacea is a progressive vascular skin disorder that starts as a flush on the central part of the face and across the cheeks. Sometimes the flush is found on the neck, chest, ears, or scalp, but this is less common. Other early rosacea symptoms include persistent redness, red bumps on the skin, burning sensations, and small blood vessels that can be seen just under the surface of the skin. There are four main subtypes of rosacea. Just as rosacea can coincide with acne, the subtypes are not mutually exclusive. These four subtypes are: (1) Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea--persistent redness along with easy flushing or blushing. Small blood vessels are often visible under the skin. (2) Papulopustular rosacea--easily confused with acne, this subtype has persistent redness accompanied by red bumps, some of which may contain pus. (3) Phymatous rosacea--thickened skin, nodules on the surface of the skin, and enlargement of the nose, including small blood vessels near the surface of the skin. (4) Ocular rosacea--eyes and eyelids become dry and irritated. There may also be itching, tearing, burning, and other strange bodily sensations. As a disorder, experts still know relatively little about rosacea. One common theory about its origin is that it's a consequence of damaged blood vessels that were weakened by repeated dilations, such as that caused by blushing, strenuous exercise, and stress. This fits with the subpopulations that are generally most affected with rosacea; many are fair-skinned with European or Celtic origins, and most between 30 and 60 years of age. Women develop rosacea more frequently than men, although it is generally less severe. Although rosacea is not yet curable, it can certainly be treated and controlled to a large degree. Controlling the disorder usually involves preventing flare-ups. Heat, exercise, spicy foods and drinks, alcohol, wind, menopause, stress, and harsh facial products can all trigger rosacea symptoms. Sunlight is another well-known irritant, so wearing a good sunscreen is a key preventative measure. Dermatologists can recommend several courses of treatment for rosacea, including oral antibiotics, topical antibiotics, and eye drops. A gentle cleansing regimen is also suggested. Over 45 million people worldwide suffer from some form of rosacea, yet despite these statistics, the disorder is still relatively unknown. Part of this problem is that the more obvious symptoms are sometimes shared with other skin disorders, including acne. Many people take a wait-and-see approach to skin disorders, assuming that they will get easier with time. Since this is not the case for rosacea, the condition may get much worse before treatment is sought, and the skin may take longer to recover. The important thing to note about rosacea is that it can be treated and the earlier the treatment the better. If you think there is a chance that you may have rosacea, make sure you talk to your doctor to rule out this disorder. pnis enlargement surgery picture penis enlagement drug penis enlargment surgery cost pennis enlargement fact enlargement manhattan pnis enargement free penis pills sample penis enlarement secret penis enlargment secret semenax vigrx

Male to Female Breast Transformation - The Natural Way.. There are now natural options for men wanting to grow breasts that look, feel and contour just like that of a woman. The amount of growth depends on the supplement or method chosen for augmentation, the amount of time on the chosen product or system, and some other lifestyle factors such as diet, massage and exercise that can help lead the way to successful enlargement of the male breast. The natural phenomena of male breast enlargement is called gynecomastia, an often unwanted side effect caused by imbalances in hormones, and excess weight. For men who desire to grow female-like breasts, the options are almost identical to a women's options for nonsurgical augmentation. While men can also undergo surgical breast augmentation, it may be more difficult due to a lack of protruding flesh to work with, since most men do not have a lot of extra tissue in the chest area to be conducive to implant insertion. Because of this, male breast augmentation surgeries can often come out looking more un-natural than usual, due to a lack of fleshy tissue to cover the round, and sometimes hard looking implant. This is precisely why men, whether they be transgender or simply have a fetish desire to grow breasts, are looking for better and more effective and natural looking options to enlarge their chest. There are countless success stories from men who have tried natural breast enhancement products, just like women, and experienced excellent results with adequate length of time on the product, as well as proper and consistent usage. Biological male breast tissue does not behave all that differently from female breast tissue. When exposed to the right amount of external stimulation factors, as well as the right formula for hormonal and glandular stimulation, the environment for additional breast growth is created. How Can A Man Achieve Successful Breast Growth? Men are subject to the same guidelines as women too in most cases, and for most male breast enhancement products the same guidelines apply. It is advisable to combine breast massage as a stimulating factor to set the stage for maximum "breast expansion" while adhering to a natural enhancement routine. This is most effective when the massage is done with a quality serum or cream formulated with external stimulating factors, such as caffeine (although caffeine should not be orally taken while on a supplement - it will dilute the effectiveness of the product usually), and other stimulating ingredients containing plant estrogens and firming and toning tonics. Some lighter chest exercises will help to lift the pectoral muscles so that the breast tissue that is currently there and any subsequent breast growth from supplementation is forced outward. This also helps to round, tone and firm the breast area for a fuller look that is more feminine and curvaceous. This may include some lightweight chest flies, modified push ups, light squeezing of the lateral pectoral muscles, or the muscles that run up the side of the breast. A balanced diet is always recommended for men on breast supplements. A balanced diet creates an ideal environment that is more conducive to breast growth by regulating the hormones and allowing a supplement to better perform its duties. Men wanting to grow breasts have some excellent options. The effectiveness of natural supplementation has been proven through personal testimonials and even pictures have been documented proving its effectiveness on biological males. So if you are a male looking to enhance your current breast size and further feminize your body, there are options out there - you just need to pick the right product or regimen for you. penis enlargement tool male penis enlargment medical pennis enlargement homemade penile enlargement penis enlargment information does penis enargement work penis enlargement video prosolution penis enargement pills semenax vigrx

Primates are a category of mammals that include humans, apes, lemurs and monkeys. Covering over 185 species, they range from lemurs -with hardly any resemblance to humans- to chimpanzees, which are clearly our own kin. In size, they range from the tiny 60 g bush baby to the huge 200 kg gorilla. Primates are characterized by a complex brain, good binocular vision and means of grasping. In addition, they experience long periods in the womb, followed by slow maturation and elongated lifespan. Africa has the privilege of hosting 51 primate species in habitats varying from forests to savannah woodlands. And new primate species are still being discovered. One of the latest additions is the highland mangabey monkey, whose domicile is the Udzungwa Mountains of southern Tanzania. Scientists were delighted, but nevertheless puzzled when they reported the finding in May 2005; "This exciting discovery demonstrates once again how little we know about our closest living relatives, the nonhuman primates. A large, striking monkey in a country of considerable wildlife research over the last century has been hidden right under our noses," said Russell Mittermeier of the IUCN-The World Conservation Union's Species Survival Commission. Sensing our fascination with nonhuman primates, artists have in response created fictional characters that have turned out to be immensely popular. The most successful of this genre is the story of "Tarzan of the Apes". This romance features an orphaned English lord who was adopted by a female ape and brought up in the African jungle. The writer Edgar Rice Burroughs brought Tarzan-one of the best-known literary characters, to life in 1921. Tarzan, an ape-man character has over the years generated over 40 movies, and numerous radio shows, television programmes and comic books. Primate characters reflect mans complex nature more closely than other animal characters in fiction and mythology. Come to think of it: in this respect, the naughty tree-swinging monkey is more deserving of our respect than haughty king lion. Non-human primates are confined to the tropics, where 80% of them live in rain forests as the dominant mammals. East Africa has few patches of tropical forests where you find the great apes, but the entire region supports many other primate species. Only a few species are not dependent on trees and can survive in savannah and sub desert areas. These include baboons, vervet monkeys and chimpanzees. Not surprisingly, travellers to east Africa are most likely to come across these three species. But most primates still depend on trees or cliffs for security. Only the two most intriguing primate species sleep on the ground-man and gorilla. We shall not discuss these two species in this article and shall cover them in separate features. For now, we shall only able to look at the four most common primates found in East Africa; bush babies, monkeys, baboons and chimpanzees. Primates have complex social organizations and the majority live in female-bonded groups. Scientists speculate that this works as an alliance against aggressive males. Females stay on in their natal group even after maturity, while males exit the group. Feminist fundamentalists may perhaps take a hint in this arrangement? Chimpanzees make an exception to this rule. Very much like humans, female chimps seek an alliance with a male protector, which is recognised and respected by other males. A common feature among primates is evolution of the "primate hand."This is a prehensile hand that is used for climbing and eating, and tool making in the case of apes. Some primates- especially baboons and apes, have such well-developed dexterity of the hand that the tips of the thumb and forefinger meet at right angles. In apes, the dexterity of the hands is very close that of humans -and chimps are a good example. Primates, just like humans, use social grooming as a form of contact communication. Travellers will witness this practice among baboons and vervet monkeys. Grooming is useful for social bonding and is effected by use of the mouth and hands. At a more practical level, it is also used to clean the body of parasites, such as ticks. Grooming underlines hierarchies; a junior member of a group will happily groom its betters. Reproduction in primates is quite varied, but there is much in common with humans. Monkeys and apes, for example, actually do menstruate. A key difference however, is that many primates have distinct breeding seasons. The young are dependent on the mother, but less so than human infants. They enjoy the protection of a fur coat and are able to climb and reach the mothers' teats and cling to her while being transported. Males generally play a marginal role in parental care. Bush babies are a big group of primates, comprising about 18 species found Africa, and of which 11 species live in East Africa. This is one of the smallest but most successful of the primates. There are two main types: the lesser bush baby and the greater bush baby. Both are widely distributed and found in the forested national parks of East Africa. During the day, they hide to avoid harm from eagles and large snakes. In lodges located close to dense forest, such as Shimba Hills in Kenya, bush babies are at night attracted to the dining rooms by sugar and sugary products. They otherwise feed mainly on tree gum and insects. Their technique of catching insects is either by leaping and grabbing or by creeping to within grabbing distance. They have distinct vocal sounds and the name bush baby originated from the piercing baby-like cries or advertising calls of the greater bush baby. Adult males advertise the most, especially in the mating season. Bush babies are easy to like-perhaps on account of their baby-like cries and small innocent looking faces. They are active only after sundown. Extremely agile and sprightly, they use their elongated hind limbs to execute spectacular leaps between trees. Distended finger and toe pads enable them to cling unerringly, leap after leap, to even the most slippery branches. The other small primates like bush babies are pottos. Being small and nocturnal, you will hardly ever see them. Only one species is found in East Africa -in south and west Uganda, far northwest Tanzania and western Kenya in the Mount Elgon and Kakamega forests. Pottos wear a woolly brown jacket and have large protuberant eyes, small rounded naked ears, short muzzles and short stubby tails. They weigh between 0.8 - 1.6kg. Monkeys are a category of dog-shaped primates. They stand and move horizontally on four legs, with head directed forwards and downwards. Consequently, the form and movement is also doglike, particularly for the more terrestrial ones like baboons. Their bottoms are padded with bare "scars" that may appear like wounds. These are called callosities, and their colouration varies with the reproductive season. The phenomenon is most prominent among baboons and is quite puzzling to many travellers. There is a clear distinction in form and structure of the genders in monkeys. This is especially so among baboons, in which females are clearly smaller in body size - by as much as 50% compared males. The posture and movement of monkeys is often a reflection of their social status. The confident monkey appears relaxed and walks with its limbs extended and back level. It surveys its realm casually and is at ease while resting. On the other hand, subordinates walk with back hunched, limbs rather bent and tail low or curved downwards. Dominant males are known to exaggerate their status by walking with a swagger and squatting with obvious ostentation. This behaviour is the subject of many metaphors in African folklore. Monkeys are generally social, though they exhibit occasional rivalry. When attempting to intimidate a rival, a monkey stands at its tallest, with the effect that it looks bigger than it realy is-, which of course is precisely the point. "Filling yourself like a male monkey" is a common teenage statement in Africa, and originates from this practice. Many travellers will have noticed that adult male monkeys like exposing their genitals to impress or maybe intimidate other males. Baboons are especially notorious for this rather unwholesome exhibitionist behaviour. Do not be offended when you find a dominant male, sitting apart on high vantage point, facing away from the troop as he scans the surrounding with legs spread apart to expose the penis. This is a particularly noticeable thing about baboons, or perhaps it is what humans cannot avoid noticing- being so well trained to look down upon such immodest displays. Among the monkeys species found in East Africa are the blue or syke monkey, the vervet monkey and the colobus monkey. Sykes are dark, stoutly built and have round facial disk and no beard. They weigh up to 12kg, with males larger and heavier than females. The body is covered by thick long fur with a brown patch of bristling hair. Sykes are quite widespread in East Africa and can generally be sighted in all forested national parks. But as they as not aware of park boundaries, you will also see them in thick forests and forest reserves outside the parks. They are however slowly being confined to national parks due continuing degradation of protected forests. Sykes mostly feed on fruits and leaves and occasionally insects and flowers. The vervet monkey is light coloured with a black face; males have a pale blue scrotum. This monkey weighs between 5 and 9kg. The vervet is adapted to practically all woodland habitats, outside equatorial rain forests. It does not venture very far from the safety of trees, on which it also depends for food. You will commonly find it on forest edges and is typically associated with riverine vegetation and acacia trees. These monkeys are very friendly to people and almost serve as de facto receptionists in most national parks. When a vertet hops onto your car as you arrive at park gate, it is looking after its own interests. Humans like to feed monkeys and it hopes to save the lots of energy and the risk involved in natural foraging in the bush. However, it is illegal to feed monkeys or any wildlife in all parks in East Africa. Also be warned- these monkeys can bite if scared. Their teeth and claws can inflict serious injuries and you should therefore avoid close bodily contact. Vervet monkeys are omnivorous and consume a wide range of plant materials like fruits, seeds, sap, and flowers. They also feed on invertebrates and have sometimes balance the vegetarian fare with vertebrates such as lizards and nestling birds and their eggs. They are often found in the same areas as baboons with which they share many foods, water holes and sleeping trees. The baboon is however not good company for vervets; it is without mercy for its smaller relative. When they compete for food, vervets are supplanted and baboons will occasionally feed on young vervets. Vervet monkeys are territorial and live in troops of between 8-50 members. Their troops are organized in a hierarchy of families whose members sleep, forage and rest together. Males move out as they reach maturity at about the age of 5 years, while females remain in a female-bonded society. They pass on hereditary privileges: a mother's rank predetermines that of the daughter. The baboon is the other very common primate in the savannahs of East Africa. It is a large, terrestrial monkey with a dog like head. Indeed its scientific name is, papio cynocephalus -here cynocephalus means "dog-headed." They weigh up to 50 kg, with males reaching up to twice the weight of females. Their limbs are sturdy, nearly equal in length while hands and feet are short and wide with stubby digits. The females have very prominent sexual swellings. Baboons in East Africa appear in two common species - olive and yellow baboons. Next to humans, baboons are the best adapted of the terrestrial primates. For this reason, they are the most widespread African primate- to be found from savannah to arid habitats, so long as there is water and trees or just cliffs. Most travellers will see baboons on the highways, in many places across the region. They live well enough outside protected areas, such as national parks. They are serious crop pests and are even classified as vermin -not wildlife- but in parts of Kenya. A baboons' menu include grasses, flowers, fruits, seeds and shoots. In the dry season, they uproot grasses and feed on the underground stems, a niche they share with no other mammal except warthogs. Beware that baboons are fierce fighters and with group work can confront and scare off a sharp predator such as leopard. Because of their well-developed taste for fruits and other foods humans are partial to, baboons tend to stalk visitors in national parks. In some cases they supplement their diet with vertebrate prey: fish, lizards and young of ground nesting birds, and bird or crocodile eggs. Baboons live in troops ranging from 8 to over 200 animals, but typically average about 40. Troops tend to avoid one another but may occasionally share resources. Their social organization is highly complex and variable; they are able to display emotion and can communicate motivation. Females remain in the troop, with a reproductive strategy grounded on male supremacy. The colobus monkey is another common primate that is the subject of many parables in Africa. The black and white colobus are especially priced for their beautiful coat, which has traditionally been used as ceremonial attire. The colobus is found only in Africa and has a long tail and hairs. The body weight reaches up to 23 kg. Both the black and white species are well adapted and have inherited many kinds of forest woodlands throughout East Africa. They live up at the trees and rarely descend to the ground. This rather shy animal is not easily sighted in the open and you are more likely to see or hear them in thick woodlands and forested parks. The apes are a category of primates represented in Africa by gorilla, chimpanzees and bonobo. Genetically, they are the closest primates to man. The apes have very advanced social and communication systems. They come close to humans in the use of facial expressions and body language; using both arms and hands. Apart from mother-infant contact, apes groom each other in the usual primate fashion- rank determines who grooms whom. Apes are particularly adept at tactile communications; that is use of touch. They seek and give reassurance by touching each other - just like we do -on the most sensitive areas like hands, face and genitals. Apes are slow to mature, with the young reaching adolescence at about the age of 8 years. Females bring forth their first fruits in their early teens, much earlier than males who rarely start procreating before reaching 15 years. All apes build nests- in this case, a platform on which to sleep securely at night: chimps up the trees and gorillas on the ground. Generally all the apes are endangered and vulnerable. The problem is that they occur naturally in very small densities and face immediate threat of habitat loss throughout their ranges. The situation is further compounded by the fact that they perpetuate themselves at a rather slow pace. The other risk is the bush meat trade that goes on in some parts of Africa, which takes them out in large numbers every year. The situation deteriorated after the 1980's, when many previously inaccessible tracts of rainforest were opened up for logging. Although apes are not known to eat humans, there are reports of their killing human babies in western Uganda - especially in Bwindi and Kibale forests. This phenomenon is as yet unexplained and is very puzzling to primate researchers Chimpanzees are large, hairy and tailless; females weigh between 30-40 kg, while males can reach 180 kg. They have big heads, flattened face with a small nose and forward facing eyes. They have same number and type of teeth as man. The chimp is indeed our closet living relative, sharing 98% of our genes and much of our behaviour. The chimp and mountain gorilla are the only great apes found naturally is East Africa. Seeing chimps in the wild is an exhilarating experience. And Uganda is the best country in the world to view chimps in their natural habitat. In Uganda, you encounter chimps at Queen Elizabeth National Park and Kibale and Budingo forest. In Tanzania, you see them at Gombe National Park, to the north west of the country. Kenya has no naturally occurring chimps population, but at Nanyuki in the central region, there is a sanctuary for chimps rescued from the illegal trade going on in parts of central and West Africa. Chimps are mainly found in rainforest and wet savannah. They are less robustly built than gorillas; their arms are shorter, reaching just below the knees and the hands and fingers are long with short thumbs. The feet are adapted for grasping, with long, stout opposable big toe. Chimpanzees feed mainly on fruits mostly gathered from trees and the young leaves of plants. They also feed on flowers, pith, and bark and also derive additional nutrients from insects and some meat too- young antelopes, goats, and other primates such as young baboons and colobus monkeys. Chimps are articulate tool users- a clear sign of a hard working brain. They can pick up small objects between thumbs and side of the index finger. They possess the acumen to prepare and use grass stems and sticks to fish for insects. A female on heat may mate with several males. It gives birth to a single off spring, which is independent after about 4 years. The chimps are individualistic and do not live in cohesive groups like gorillas or monkeys. They live in communities, with up to 100 animals sharing a common home range. But they never assemble in a single troop. Jane Goodall, in her book "The Chimpanzees of Gombe", has shown that chimps, in common with humans, engage in some very disagreeable behaviour. Males occasionally rape females and engage in internecine warfare. Dr. Goodall has reported that from early 1974, a brutal four-year war raged in Gombe between two chimp groups that resulted in the decimation of one group. The best way to see the primates of East Africa is by taking a combined Kenya and Uganda safari. On such as safari, you will of course see the other wildlife East Africa is famed for, but be sure that the locations where primates are found are covered. On safari, wear light cottons and linen. But also pack some warmer clothing, as the evenings and early mornings can be quite chilly. Some rainwear is advisable between March and June and October and December. You should bring along a decent pair of sunglasses and a pair of binoculars. They are very useful for spotting animals and you will be the envy of your less knowledgeable traveling companions Copyright © Africa Point